The invention of farm tools to weapons Kobudo Okinawan weapons, Nunchuck, Tonfas, Sai, Bo or Staff, Jo , Deerskin Shield and many others now used in open sport events .
The introduction of Okinawa Kata and Kobudo to open Karate events in the early sixties and how it changed the attitude of the judges to see real Kata and Bunkai performed .
Te–Hand
In the 1960s and 1970s, the term “karate” was often used as a kind of generic term to refer to any striking martial art whether it be Japanese, Korean or even Chinese. But Karate was actually born on the island of the Kingdom of Okinawa. It probably owes its roots to Chinese travelers who brought versions of kung fu to the islands in the 17th century. The combat arts were originally known simply as “Okinawa Te,” or “hand” but soon they became known as “China-hand” or “kara-te.” Three geographical areas became known for their Karate practice, Shuri-Te, Tomari-Te, and Naha-Te. Most of the more modern Okinawan styles trace their roots back to one of these three. Some schools added use of farm implements as weapons since the government had outlawed use of swords and knives. So the sai, nunchaku and bo became part of the Okinawan curriculum (today often called “kobudo” or “old warrior way.”)
Because Japan had occupied the islands for hundreds of years before finally annexing them in 1856, Karate had no doubt been taken to the Japanese mainland. However empty-hand and simple weapon fighting was considered lower-class by the highly-trained samurai with their elaborate sword skills. About 1916 an Okinawan Karate teacher named Gichin Funakoshi traveled to Japan to demonstrate his art. It is said that he is the one who changed the translation of kara-te to “empty hand” in order to make the art more acceptable to the Japanese. His school became known as Shotokan, and Funakoshi is often credited as being the “father” of modern Karate. Today there are many styles of both Japanese and Okinawan Karate.
Generally the Okinawan styles are softer and more traditional in their approach and the Japanese schools are more sport-oriented. However the individual teachers have much to do with the school’s emphasis, much like Karate in the United States.
A small Okinawan village before Samurai destroyed it
Ansei Ueshiro arrived in the USA September 1962 and taught at a school run by some business person Jerome Mackey started by Jim Wax and Greg Helm and later Started a dojo with Joe Fuschi 1963 in Hempstead, LI, NY
Many men are responsible for bringing Okinawa Karate to America and starting their rich influence in Sport Karate, men like Don Nagle , Steve Armstrong, Sid Campbell, Ron Lindsey and Andrew Linick, many of the influence came from these leaders in sport karate in America and their stories will be told here, ous
SHORIN-RYU KARATE
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“THE MAIN BRANCHES OF SHORIN-RYU”
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The Shorin-ryu style was broken into several branches: the Shobayashi-ryu (“small forest style”), the Kobayashi-ryu (“;young forest style”) and the Matsubayashi-ryu (“pine forest style”). All three refer to the small pine forest where the Shaolin Temple was last located, and all three are still interpreted to mean Shorin-ryu or”Shaolin way.” Shobayashi, the original style of Shorin-ryu, was taught by one of Itosu’s famous students, Chotoku Kiyabu, better known as Chotoku Kyan (1870-1945). Kyan was extremely well-known and revered in Okinawa, and was considered Itosu’s greatest student, even though he was second in succession, with Kentsu Yabu (c. 1870- ) having more seniority. Yabu took charge after Itosu’s death, but retired shortly afterward, leaving Chotoku Kyan in charge.
Kyan trained quite a few notable students, among them Tatsuo Shimabukuro (the elder brother of Eizo), who also studied under Chojun Miyagi. Kyan also trained Shoshin Nagamine (1907- ), who later developed the Matsubayashi form of Shorin-ryu. It has been stated that Nagamine developed this style himself. He named the stlye after Bushi Matsumura (1797-1889). Nagamine’s son Takayoshi has taken over this branch of Shorin-ryu Karate.
Kyan’s most noted student is Eizo Shimabukuro. Upon his death, Kyan left Eizo Shimabukuro in charge of the still-unchanged system of Shobayashi Shorin-ryu. Another of Itosu’s students, Chosin Chibana (1887-1969), taught Kobayashi-ryu. This system, according to Master Shimabukuro, is the same as Shobayashi-ryu. He states that Master Chibana simply misspelled the term by using incorrect kanji (characters), which changed the pronunciation from “Shobayashi” to “Kobayashi.” These two systems of Shorin-ryu are the same today, with the same form and pattern in their kata.
In fact, in the early 1960s, Master Shimabukuro went to Chibana, who was then in his late seventies, to ask Chibana to correct his (Shimabukuro’s) kata. Shimabukuro was concerned about the discrepancies gradually emerging in the various Shorin-ryu styles which had begun to proliferate by this time in Okinawa. Shimabukuro was a tenth dan at the time he appealed to Chibana. Out of respect for Chibana, who was Itosu’s oldest living student, Shimabukuro removed his red belt and instead wore a white belt while being corrected. This action demonstrated Master Shimabukuro’s intense desire to retain the purity of Shorin-ryu. Another oldest of Kyan’s student, Takayoshi Simabukuro (1916), Next to II War in 1950, he emigrated to Huston, USA, where he worked as mechanic and returned to Okinawa in 1987. He didn’t accept degree, and he continued to do the older from, Master Shimabukuro continued to use the Shorin Ryu Shobayashi as name of his system.
Seibukan Shorin-ryu:
Zenpo Shimabukuro Kaicho of the Seibukan shorin-ryu branch of Shorin-ryu. Seibukan Shorin-ryu Karate was developed by Zenryo Shimabukuro after Chotoku Kyan’s death in 1945. His dojo opened in 1947. His first students were nephews of his oldest son, Zenpo. It is believed that Zenpo is still teaching Seibukan Shorin-ryu Karate on Okinawa at the Seibukan Dojo. Seibukan means holy art school, and was named because the students minds are developed in a spirtual way- it is not how many students one has, it is how good they are.
Hanshi Katsuya Miyahira (10th Dan) is Kaicho of the Shido Kan branch of Kobayashi Shorin-ryu Karate. After Chosin Chibana’s death in 1969 his most senior student was Katsuya Miyahira. Miyahira would become the logical heir to inherit leadership of Kobayashi Shorin-ryu Karate. But seniority doesn’t neccassarily make you the heir apparent. As to, who is the rightful heir to Chibana’s Kobayashi Shorin-ryu Karate depends on who you talk to. After Chibana’s death, the 9th Dan’s of Chosin Chibana’s dojo all became 10th dan’s and started their own subdivided styles. Shugoro Nakazato (1921- ) became Kaicho of Shorin Ryu Shorin Kan branch of Kobayashi and Katsuya Miyahira became Kaicho of the Shorin Ryu-Shido Kan branch of Kobayashi.
There is another form of Shorin-ryu on Okinawa called Matsumura Orthodox.* Some of this style’s followers have reportedly changed the name to Sukunai Hayashi. Matsumura Orthodox was supervised by Hohan Soken (b. 1889-1982), who is said to have studied from his uncle Nabe Matsumura, who in turn studied from Soken Matsumura. In 1920 Hohan Soken emigrated to Negro, Argentina, where he worked as a farm laborer. He returned to Okinawa in 1952 and started teaching karate, calling his style Matsumra Orthodox Shorin-ryu.
Hohan Soken not only lived in Argentina, but traveled to Peru and other places. He spoke fluent Spanish. It is known that Kyan Chotoku occasionally traveled with him. Kyan was Soken’s training partner under Nabe Matsumura.
Negro, Argentina was an Okinawan trading colony. Okinawa had many of these all over the world. Hohan Soken probably had relatives there because there were many Okinawans living there. We don’t know if he would have liked living there for so long without seeing his family. Therefore it is believed he took some family members with him. Who knows if they stayed.
Hanshi Fusei Kise’s Ken Shin Kan a combination of Matsumura Orthodox and Shorinji Kempo ) is reported to have undergone many changes from the original Shorin-ryu. Some branches of Matsumura Orthodox remain more faithful to the original system.
There are others teaching modified forms of Shorin-ryu. But these are by far the most popular on Okinawa with Kobayashi and Shobayashi being virtually unchanged from the age-old origins of the Shorin-ryu style.
A sensitive issue on Okinawa was the question of adopting a unified name: whether to refer to all Okinawan fighting styles in the Kanji, meaning “Chinese hand,” or to use the Kanji of karate already used in Japan, which translates as “empty hand.” In a meeting of the elite karate masters of Okinawa, who on October 25, 1936, convened to make the decision, this issue was finally settled. Some of the masters and their senior students present at that meeting were: Kyan, Kenstu Yabu, Chomo Hanashiro, Miyagi, Miyashiro, Nakamora, Chibana, Nakatsune and Choki Motobu. It was agreed that karate would be written and referred to in kanji and translated as “empty hand.” This interpretation, it was agreed, embraced a much broader and more philosophical meaning than it is generally gramted
